The Ayurvedic concept of Vata, one of the three fundamental Doshas, plays a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes in the human body. This study aims to explore the physiological manifestations of Vata and its alignment with contemporary scientific understanding, particularly in relation to the autonomic nervous system. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on Ayurvedic principles and their correlation with modern scientific knowledge. The findings suggest that Vata is responsible for all movements and functions within the body, including nerve impulses, cellular communication, and overall physiological processes. The role of Vata in maintaining homeostasis and influencing the cardiovascular system is well-documented in Ayurvedic texts. The properties of nerve tissue, predominantly composed of Vata-related elements, further highlight the interrelationship between Vata and the autonomic nervous system. Imbalances in Vata can lead to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disorders, emphasizing the importance of maintaining Vata equilibrium for overall health and well-being. The study concludes that the Ayurvedic concept of Vata and its physiological manifestations closely align with the modern scientific understanding of the autonomic nervous system. This integrative approach that combines Ayurvedic and contemporary science, offers valuable insights into the functioning of the human body and opens new avenues for holistic healthcare approaches.

Drug (Bheshaj) is an important pillar of Ayurvedic treatment. Acharya Charak included drug in Chikitsa Chatushpad. Rashshastra and Bhaishaiya Kalpana are well-developed sub-disciplines of Ayurvedic Pharmaceutics. They are entirely devoted to the drug identification, usage, pharmaceutical preparation, quality control, and standardization of Ayurvedic formulation. Ayurvedic formulations are categorised as Kashthaushadi and Rasaushadhi. All the classical preparations formulated by our ancient sages are time-tested and based on their actual experiences. A deeper exploration of this concept reveals that the scientific rationale behind formulation design often involves principles of synergism and antagonism.[1] According to Acharya Charak, an ideal Bheshaj should possess four qualities: Bahuta, Yogyatam, Aanekvidha Kalpana, Sampat.[2] Drug design is the fundamental concept in modern medicine. It is based on the molecular modification of lead compounds. Drug design is one of the most intensively developing modern science, and it aims to achieve discovery of effective specific, non-toxic, safe, and well-tolerated drugs.[3]

This paper aims to explore the potential application of newer drug designing techniques to traditional Ayurvedic herbs and formulations. The integration of innovations in modern drug design with Ayurvedic Aushadhi formulations may contribute significantly to the advancement of Ayurvedic drug development.

Agad is a term used to describe medicinal products that possess antitoxic properties and are employed to fight diseases, discomforts, pain, or chronic conditions. For the management of different poisons, many formulations are described in Ayurveda. Padmak Agad is a Vishahara yoga. The Prabhava of the yoga is described as “Ashesh keetlootanam agad sarvakamik” (A.H.U 37 / 28),[1] which means it is effective in all types of Keet and Loota Visha to relieve all the symptoms caused by insect bite. Insect bite can cause an immediate skin reaction, often resulting in redness and swelling at the injured site. Padmak Agad can be utilized in various forms such as Nasya (nasal instillation), Dhoom (medicated smoke), Abhyanga (massage), and Paan (drink), among others. It comprises five ingredients: Priyangu, Haridra, Daruharidra, Ghruta, and Madhu. The easy accessibility of its components, along with the straightforward process of preparation and preservation of the formulation, may motivate physicians to adopt this formulation. This document aims to review Padmak Agad in relation to its pharmacological properties and potential medicinal applications. Based on the roles of the ingredients in Padmak Agad, as outlined in numerous classical texts, this review and discussion focus on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. A comprehensive review of the Padmak Agad formulation was conducted, focusing on its properties and mechanism of action, using classical texts such as Ashtanga Hridaya. Padmak Agad, as described by Acharya Vagbhatta and Vriddha Vagbhatta, contains five ingredients: Priyangu, Haridra, Daruharidra, Ghruta and Madhu. All of these possessVishaghna, Shothahar, Twakdoshahara, Raktashodhak properties and making them effective as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Padmak Agad, as mentioned by Acharya Vagbhatta in the context of Mandali Sarpavisha Chikitsa, may be one of the effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant formulations. It holds potential for experimental and clinical trials in conditions such as Kandu (itching), Daha (burning), Shoth (edema), and Jwara (fever).

In the realm of Ayurveda, Pitta Dosha plays a pivotal role in governing an individual’s overall well-being. This article delves into the mysteries of Pitta Dosha, exploring its characteristics, functions, and its impact on physical and mental health and correlating it scientifically to modern science. By understanding the intricacies of Pitta Dosha, individuals can unlock the secrets to achieving balance and harmony within their bodies. This comprehensive guide provides insights into the causes of Pitta imbalance, its symptoms and practical tips for restoring equilibrium. This article offers a profound understanding of Pitta Dosha and its transformative potential in achieving optimal health.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent childhood motor disability requiring lifelong neurological care. It is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder with similarities to Avaranajanya Vatavyadhi in Ayurveda. This study evaluates the efficacy of Alternate Udvartana–Abhyanga Therapy along with Yoga Basti and Medhya Churna in managing CP, compared to Continuous Udvartana–Abhyanga Therapy. A total of 20 patients (aged 6 months to 10 years) were randomized into two groups: Group A (trial group) received Alternate Udvartana–Abhyanga Therapy with Yoga Basti and Medhya Churna, while Group B (control group) received Continuous Udvartana–Abhyanga Therapy with the same interventions. Treatment lasted for 71 days, with a 30-day follow-up.

Results showed significant improvements in developmental milestones (sitting, standing, fine motor skills, and personal/social skills) in Group A, while Group B showed significance in fine motor skills only. Anthropometric improvements were more pronounced in Group A, particularly in weight, length, head circumference, and mid-arm circumference, whereas Group B showed significant improvements in length and mid-thigh circumference. Muscle power (MRC scale) improved significantly in the lower limbs in Group A and in both the upper and lower limbs in Group B. Spasticity reduction (Ashworth scale) was significant only in the lower limbs in Group A, while Group B showed no significant change in the upper limbs. Overall, 47.05% of patients showed mild improvement, 29.41% showed moderate improvement, and 23.5% showed good improvement. The study concludes that both therapies are equally effective in the management of CP.

Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.), a medicinal herb known for its cognitive and neuroprotective properties, is widely cultivated and used in complementary medical streams. This study evaluates the impact of compost, manure, and untreated soil on its growth and phytochemical profile for sustainable cultivation. A comparative experimental design was employed with three soil types—compost, manure, and untreated soil—used for the cultivation of 30 saplings in each soil type. Soil parameters were analyzed at four different intervals, and plant samples were tested for physicochemical and phytochemical properties, including total saponin and asiaticoside, using UV spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Dunnett’s t-test. Compost-treated soil produced the highest biomass (2.8 kg) and superior growth parameters, with significant increases in plant length (3.0–3.5 cm) and phytochemical content. They also showed elevated total saponin (2.56%) and asiaticoside (0.45%) levels. Shade-dried samples retained higher phytochemical integrity compared to sun-dried samples. Compost-treated soil enhanced the growth, yield, and phytochemical content of Mandukaparni, supporting its use in sustainable cultivation. Future research should explore combined organic treatments and varied climatic conditions for broader applicability.

Diabetes mellitus represents a significant and escalating global health burden. The published literature on the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of diabetes mellitus remains limited. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the Comprehensive Diabetes Care (CDC) program, an Ayurvedic intervention, on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, body mass index (BMI), body weight, abdominal circumference, and the requirement for conventional pharmacological agents in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: A retrospective, observational, single-center study was conducted at the Madhavbaug Clinic, India. Eligible participants were patients aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Data were collected at baseline (Day 1) and at follow-up intervals of 30, 60, and 90 days. Observations and Results: A total of 131 patients were assessed, of whom 60 (45.08%) were male. The mean HbA1c levels at Days 1, 30, 60, and 90 for the 48 patients with HbA1c <6.5 were 6.25 ± 0.24%, 6.11 ± 0.41%, 5.95 ± 0.33%, and 5.91 ± 0.30%, respectively. The mean HbA1c levels at Days 1, 30, 60, and 90 for the 73 patients with HbA1c 6.6–9.0 were 7.34 ± 0.48%, 6.86 ± 0.62%, 6.54 ± 0.59%, and 6.34 ± 0.42%, respectively. The mean HbA1c levels at Days 1, 30, 60, and 90 for the 10 patients with HbA1c >9.0% was 10.19 ± 0.45%, 7.76 ± 1.20%, 6.88 ± 1.50%, and 6.45 ± 0.65%, respectively.Conclusion: The Ayurvedic treatment incorporating Panchakarma and lifestyle modifications, demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c levels, indicating a potential therapeutic benefit in improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.